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¶7 Attorney Winkel was admitted to
practice in Wisconsin in 1984. He is the
sole shareholder in his firm, which is
located in Neenah. Attorney Winkel's prior
disciplinary history includes a public
reprimand in April 1998 for failing to
adequately prepare to represent his clients
and to explain their legal matters to them,
for failing to competently represent a
client in an estate matter, for
misrepresenting that he had prepared a
document, for failing to respond to
successor counsel's requests, and for
failing to respond to the disciplinary
investigation. See In re
Disciplinary
Proceedings Against Winkel, 217 Wis. 2d
339, 577 N.W.2d 9 (1998).
¶8 The referee made the following
factual findings. J.T. and B.T., husband
and wife, initially became clients of
Attorney Winkel's firm in 1995 in
connection with a tax matter. At that
time, they signed a retainer agreement that
provided for charges on an hourly basis.
The retainer agreement did not mention any
representation concerning a social security
disability claim.
¶9 Attorney Winkel directed the work
on the tax file to his associate. At some
point in the next several months, Attorney
Winkel's law firm was also engaged to
represent J.T. concerning a social security
disability claim. As found by the referee,
Attorney Winkel urged his associate to have
J.T. and B.T. sign a contingency fee
agreement for this new matter. Attorney
Winkel testified that he recalled the
associate telling him that J.T. and B.T.
had signed a contingency fee agreement. At
the hearing, the associate did not recall
whether the clients had in fact signed such
an agreement or whether he had told
Attorney Winkel that they had. Ultimately,
no such agreement was found. Many of the
associate's time slips, however, indicate
through a billing code that his work on the
social security matter was on a contingency
fee basis.
¶10 In January 1997, an attorney
advisor for the SSA notified J.T. and
Attorney Winkel's associate that she had
determined that J.T. was eligible for
benefits. Within a few weeks after this
notification, the associate left Attorney
Winkel's firm to form his own practice.
Shortly after the associate left Attorney
Winkel's firm, Attorney Winkel received a
favorable final decision from the SSA. The
referee found that Attorney Winkel
then "pressured" J.T. and B.T. to continue
the social security matter with Attorney
Winkel's firm instead of transferring it to
the associate's new firm. Attorney Winkel
also convinced them to agree to present the
fee petition to the SSA as a contingency
fee arrangement because Attorney Winkel
claimed that to do otherwise would delay
the final resolution of J.T.'s social
security claim and his receipt of back
benefits.
¶11 Prior to meeting with J.T. and
B.T., Attorney Winkel prepared a draft fee
petition to the SSA showing total hourly
fees of $6250 and requesting a 25 percent
contingency fee (which would have equaled a
fee of $5813.45). Attorney Winkel showed
this draft petition to J.T. and B.T. at
their in-person meeting. B.T. acknowledged
that her husband signed the fee
application, and understood and agreed to
Attorney Winkel receiving a 25 percent
contingency fee on the social security
recovery.
¶12 Because no contingency fee
agreement had been filed with the SSA prior
to the award of benefits, as described
above, Attorney Winkel was required to
submit a fee petition that itemized the
amount of time spent on each service
provided during the case. Attorney Winkel
prepared the itemized fee petition by
reconstructing the amount of time that he
believed the associate would have spent on
the tasks that were performed. Attorney
Winkel allegedly performed this
reconstruction by estimating how long it
would have taken him to perform the same
task.
¶13 Attorney Winkel testified that he
prepared the fee petition using this
reconstruction methodology because his
former associate had a history of failing
to record or of underrecording the time
that he spent on a file. Attorney Winkel
claimed that certain tasks performed on the
J.T. social security file were not
contained in the associate's prior time
slips. Attorney Winkel, however, never
attempted to contact his former associate
concerning his time entries or the work
performed on the file. The referee
concluded that Attorney Winkel's failure to
consult his former associate stemmed from
Attorney Winkel's inappropriate conduct in
pressuring J.T. and B.T. to keep the social
security matter with Attorney Winkel.
¶14 Ultimately, Attorney Winkel's
reconstructed fee application showed 30
billable hours while the original time
slips (as shown on informational invoices
sent to J.T. and B.T.) showed a total of
12.8 billable hours for the same time
period.
¶15 At the hearing, the associate
testified that he believed that his time
slips and the original invoices sent to
J.T. and B.T. were accurate concerning the
work performed and fees charged. He stated
that he did not recall any problems with
failing to record all of his time on the
J.T. social security matter, although he
admitted having discussions with Attorney
Winkel generally about failing to capture
all of his time.
¶16 The referee found that Attorney
Winkel had disclosed to the SSA's
representative that his fee petition was
based on a reconstruction of his firm's
hourly charges. Ultimately, the SSA
appears to have handled the matter as if it
were a contingent fee arrangement. In
contingency situations, social security
regulations provide for an award of
attorney's fees of either 25 percent of the
recovery or $4000, whichever is less. In
this instance, social security initially
awarded Attorney Winkel fees of $5813.45
based on a calculation of 25 percent of the
recovery, but then corrected its error and
reduced the attorney's fees to $4,000.
¶17 The referee concluded that Attorney
Winkel's reconstruction methodology had
resulted in him misrepresenting to the SSA
the amount of time spent and the fees
earned by his firm in prosecuting J.T.'s
social security claim. The referee focused
on two facts that pointed in the direction
of the fee application overstating the fees
earned.
¶18 First, the initial time slips
submitted by the associate (and billed on
invoices to J.T. and B.T.) showed a total
billable amount of 12.8 hours while the
reconstructed fee petition showed a total
of 30 billable hours for the same time
period. The referee concluded that since
the amount of time more than doubled
without adequate explanation by Attorney
Winkel, the fee application misrepresented
the overall time actually spent on the
file. Usually, the exercise of billing
judgment results in the reduction of time
whereas here it resulted in the time being
more than doubled.
¶19 Second, the referee found that
Attorney Winkel's intentional failure to
consult his former associate concerning the
fee application supported the conclusion
that the fee application was overstated.
Indeed, Attorney Winkel admitted that, in
certain circumstances, without his former
associate's input he had no verifiable way
of knowing whether the associate's time was
inaccurate. The referee found that
Attorney Winkel failed to explain why he
increased many of the associate's time
entries. The referee pointed out nine
examples of such enhancement, and noted
that logic and experience support only one
situation where it appears that the
associate may have underreported his time.
Moreover, if Attorney Winkel, in preparing
the fee application, was estimating how
long it would have taken him to perform the
identified tasks, the amounts should not
have increased by such a large amount given
the fact that Attorney Winkel was much more
experienced than his associate at
prosecuting social security appeals.
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